The causative agents of measles, mumps and rubella are viruses, which means that such diseases are extremely contagious. To protect the child from infections, vaccination is carried out. Consider how and when to get the vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps, and what adverse reactions can cause the drugs used for these purposes.
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PDA vaccine types
There are different types of measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations.
They are:
- monocomponent, working against any one infection;
- component, the effect of such combination vaccines is directed against two diseases;
- three-component, capable of preventing the development of all of these diseases.
The introduction of drugs of the first type is carried out through three injections in different parts of the body. Dicomponent formulations are combined with monocomponent formulations, for example, measles-mumps vaccine is first administered, and then rubella is used. Trivaccines are considered the most convenient, they the patient is vaccinated against three diseases with one injection.
Domestic measles, rubella and mumps vaccines
Unfortunately, Russia does not produce three-component compositions.The domestic pharmaceutical industry produces a two-component drug to prevent rubella and mumps, after the application, which requires another injection, against measles. But this shortcoming cannot be considered significant. The effectiveness of the funds is not inferior to foreign products, and the frequency of adverse reactions is the same.
Imported drugs
The main advantage of foreign drugs in comparison with domestic ones is that they are three-component and contain the necessary substances to fight three infections.
The most common formulations that are used in Russia include:
- Hervevax
- MMR – II;
- Priorix.
On a note. Overseas preparations are not always available in district clinics, and parents who want to protect their child from infection through, for example, the Priorix vaccine, will need to purchase it themselves. In this situation, it is necessary to carefully read the storage conditions and rules for transporting the medication, and strictly observe them.
Children's vaccination schedule
The CPC vaccine is administered in the subscapular region or by puncture of the outer part of the right shoulder. For the first time, vaccination is given to one-year-old children, and a second is prescribed at the age of 4 to 6 years. In some cases, some deviations from the accepted schedule are permissible.
These measures provide long-term immunity against measles, rubella and mumps. Depending on the susceptibility of the patient to the drug and the characteristics of his body, the effect of vaccination can last from 10 to 25 years.
Attention! Children with neurological disorders and other serious health problems may be vaccinated only with the permission of a specialist after examination and assessment of the patient's condition. And after the introduction of the CCP vaccine, such babies need medical supervision.
Preparing a child for vaccination
In order for a child to normally receive vaccination, a number of rules must be observed before the procedure:
- Visit a pediatrician and take general tests to assess the condition of the baby.
- In the presence of chronic ailments in a patient, vaccination should be carried out only in remission.
- A week before vaccination, do not include new products in the child’s diet.
- Avoid crowded places, especially during seasonal outbreaks.
- If the child has had the flu or a cold, the vaccine can be administered no earlier than 2 weeks after full recovery.
- On the day of vaccination, be sure to measure the temperature.
- Waiting for his turn in the treatment room would be better if a small patient at that time was in the street or in a car with one of his relatives.
At the slightest deviations from the norm in the condition of the child, it is necessary to tell the doctor about this, perhaps vaccination will need to be postponed.
How do children take measles, rubella, and mumps
One of the important issues that worries all parents is how the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine is tolerated. As a rule, doctors warn mothers and fathers about possible reactions that are not a deviation from the norm.
After vaccination, the following ailments are often noted in the baby:
- temperature rises, sometimes significantly, up to 38 degrees;
- the appearance of a small rash in various parts of the body;
- there is a runny nose and cough, the mucous membrane of the throat is irritated;
- unpleasant sensations in the joints of the limbs;
- the puncture area turns red and a little sore.
These symptoms may appear within 5-15 days after the procedure. Their occurrence does not indicate that the vaccination was done in violation of the rules or the patient's body did not take the drug. Such manifestations indicate immunity activity, they are not a cause for concern and do not require special treatment.
The intervention of doctors is necessary only in cases where temperature indicators exceed 39 degrees, and the condition of the child causes serious concerns among parents.
Side effects and how to deal with them
The occurrence of serious complications as a result of vaccination with CPC is considered a rather rare occurrence.
Possible consequences include the following conditions:
- extensive swelling at the injection site;
- heavy rashes on the body, urticaria;
- severe pain in the abdomen;
- violation of respiratory functions, inflammatory processes in the lungs and bronchi;
- a drop in platelet count in the blood;
- the development of encephalitis;
- the occurrence of aseptic serous meningitis;
- severe renal impairment;
- the appearance of signs of anaphylactic or toxic shock.
Important! In these cases, you can’t hesitate to turn to specialists; the child needs urgent medical attention. Self-medication and untimely taken measures can cause the development of formidable complications and serious violations in the baby's body, up to the death.
What can not be done after vaccination
How a child's body responds to the drug, largely depends on compliance with the principles of behavior after the introduction of the composition. To reduce the risk of complications, you should familiarize yourself with the rules below.
After the baby has been vaccinated, one should not immediately leave the medical institution and go out with the child. It is better to stay in the clinic, under the supervision of specialists, another 30-40 minutes. If something goes wrong, the baby will be immediately helped.
On the day when the drug was administered to the child, do not let him stay in the bathroom for a long time, it is better to avoid lengthy water procedures and quickly wash the baby in the shower, trying not to touch the injection site. In addition, you will need to make sure that the child does not scratch this area of the skin, and does not touch it again.
Walking with the baby should not be canceled, but it is better to stay away from playgrounds and crowded places. It is possible that the child will “catch” the infection, which can cause the development of complications of varying severity.
In addition, you will need to carefully consider the diet. In the first week after vaccination, you should not give the baby unfamiliar products or feed him with food that can cause allergies. And also it is worth limiting the consumption of chocolate, sweets, soda and treats with a lot of preservatives and dyes.
Tip. It will also be useful to control the body temperature of the child, even if he behaves as usual, and there are no signs of malaise. As mentioned above, this indicator can rise to 38 degrees, which is considered the norm. But if the mercury column "crossed" the mark "38.5", it is worth saying about this to the local pediatrician.
Contraindications for vaccine
There are a number of cases where it is forbidden for adults and children to vaccinate CPC.
Contraindications are divided into temporary and permanent, the following categories belong to the first category:
- exacerbation of chronic processes;
- viral and infectious diseases;
- colds and SARS;
- violations of the inflammatory nature in the acute stage;
- the effect of a Mantoux test or a tuberculosis vaccine (the break between vaccinations in this case should be from one to one and a half months);
- recent blood transfusion;
- taking certain medications (if a patient undergoes a course of drug therapy, it is necessary to inform the doctor about this and list the means used in the treatment process).
In addition, pregnancy is a temporary contraindication for CPC vaccination. Since the viruses that provoke the development of these dangerous conditions can cause significant harm to the unborn baby, vaccination should be done well in advance, at the planning and preparation stage for conception.
The ban on vaccination will be permanent in situations where the patient has:
- egg white allergy;
- intolerance to certain antibacterial drugs;
- anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema in the past;
- serious complications after the previously introduced vaccination;
- low platelet count in the blood;
- the presence of malignant tumors;
- HIV infection
- transferred organ transplant operations.
Many parents are reluctant to agree to vaccinate CCPs for children, for fear of possible complications. However, it should be understood that any side effects are quite rare, and in case of refusal of the vaccine, the baby can become infected with a dangerous infection. Therefore, if there are no contraindications to the procedure, it is better to protect the body of the child.
